ONLINE CLASS NOTES-BIOLOGY-1- Exam Relevant Points Only
By Sant Kumar Sharma (Dev Sharma) - May 08, 2017
Biology Online Class Notes - 1
❤ Cell ➤ The smallest unit of life that is capable of independent existence.
❤ Apart from the Nucleus, a typical cell contains other important cell structure (or) Cell Organeles like the Mitochondria, Lysosome, Golgi Complex, Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum etc.
❤ Mitochondria ➤
- Powerhouse of cell
- 'Mitochondria' is called the Power house of the cell.
- Energy is Stored in the Mitochondria as ATP molecules.
- Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) provides energy for all kinds of activities of a cell.
- ATP synthesis takes place in Mitochondrion.
❤ Lysosomes act as suicidal bags.
❤ The physical basis of life is 'Protoplasm'.
❤ The largest cell is the egg of an Ostrich.
❤ The largest Human cell is the Ovum.
❤ Nerve cell (Neurons) is the Longest cell.
❤ Most abundant element (By Weight) found in animal cell is Oxygen.
❤ Cells in the body that engulf foreign particles like bacteria are known as Phagocytes.
❤ Bone cells have the least Re-generation Power.
➼ No. of Bones In Human is 206.
➼ No. of Muscles in Human is 639.
➼ No. of Ribs in Human is 24.
➼ No. of Bones in Human's Skull is 22.
➼ No. of Bones in Neck of Human is 7.
➼ No. of Bones in Human's Face is 14.
➼ No. of Cranial Nerves in Human is 12 Pairs.
➼ No. of Spinal Nerves in Human is 31 Pairs.
➼ Normal Heart Beat rate in Human is 70-72 times/minute.
➼ Normal Respiratory rate in Human is 16-20 times/minute.
➼ Average rate of Blood Pressure in Human is 120/80 mm.Hg.
❤ The animal with the longest life span on the land is Elephant, while the animal having the longest life span is Tortoise.
❤ Blue Whale is the Biggest and Heaviest mammal.
❤ The smallest Ape is Gibbon.
❤ Chimpanzee is the most Intelligent Ape.
❤ Elephant Tusks are enlarged incisors.
❤ Fishes respire through Gills.
❤ The vertebrate which has a two chambered heart is Fish.
❤ The organism which has the maximum no. of ribs is the Snake.
❤ The largest snake is the Anaconda found in the Amazon region in South America.
❤ Hibernation is the period of long sleep for animals in cold weather when there is no food available.
❤ The Kangaroo Rat never drinks water in its entire life.
❤ Ostrich, Rhea, Kiwi, and Penguin all are Flightless Birds.
❤ Dodo ( a flightless bird) which appeared in Mauritius is now Extinct.
❤ The smallest Flightless bird is Kiwi, while the smallest flying bird is the Bee Humming Bird of Cuba.
❤ Growth of Tadpole into a Frog is called Metamosphosis.
❤ Cobra Venom affects the Nervous system while Viper Venom affects the Blood Circulatory System.
❤ A baby Cockroach is called Nymph.
❤ The population of Reptiles is maximum on Earth.
❤ Saurology ➤ Study of Lizards.❤ Ants go in a line by the secretion of Trial-Pheromone.
❤ Silver fish is Wingless Insect.
❤ Hormones are biochemical substances produced by ductless (or) Endocrine glands.
❤ Pituitary glands is an endocrine gland attached to the base of the Brain.
❤ The Pituitary gland is called the 'Master Gland' in the body because it controls all the endocrine glands present in the Human Body.
❤ Water balance in the body is mainly controlled by the secretion of ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone ) by Hypothalamus.
❤ Pineal Gland is commonly known as 'Biological Clock'.
❤ Pineal Gland secretes Melatonin and Serotonin.❤ Thyroid Gland is popularly known as "Adam's Apple".
❤ Thyroid Gland controls growth and metamorphosis.
❤ Thyroid Gland is a bi-lobed gland in the Neck, just below the 'Larynx'.
❤ Insufficient Iodine in the diet resulting in Thyroxin deficiency disease called Simple Goiter.
❤ Overproduction of Thyroxin causes Exophathalmic Goiter.
❤ Deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by Parathyroid Gland causes 'Tetany' in which calcium level in Blood decreases known as 'Hypocalcemia'.
❤ Adrenal Glands are situated over the kidneys.
❤ Adrenal gland has two parts (a) Adrenal Cortex (b) Adrenal Medulla.
❤ Blood Pressure controlled by Adrenal Gland.
❤ Adrenal cortex produces Cortico Steroids.
❤ Adrenal Medulla produces two hormones (1) Adrenalin (2) Non-Adrenalin.
❤ Adrenal Gland prepares the animal to Fight (or) Flight.
❤ Adrenalin is known as 'Emergency Hormone'.
❤ Adrenalin Hormone raises the rate of heart and blood pressure.❤ The gland that secrets both an Enzyme and a Hormone is Pancreas.
❤ If Pancreas stops functioning in the body then the level of Insulin and Glucagon will decreases.
❤ The Beta cells secretes 'Insulin' and Alpha cell secrets 'Glucagon'.
❤ Deficiency of Insulin leads to excess sugar in the blood and this sugar is is excreted in the urine. This diseases is known as Diabetes Mellitus (Hyper Glycaemia).
❤ The main function of insulin is to control the level of sugar in the body.
